Ultimate NCERT Solutions for Chapter 2: Effects Of Physical Activities on Human Body

Updated Solution 2024-2025                                                               Solution 2024-2025

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Physical Education, Chapter 2: Effects Of Physical Activities on Human Body  

(Questions/Answers & Activities)

Chapter 2: Effects Of Physical Activities on Human Body

Question Answers based on Chapter 2 – Effects of Physical Activities on Human Body

Q1. What is the main focus of this chapter in Health and Physical Education?
Ans 1: This chapter mainly focuses on the short-term and long-term effects of physical activity on different organ systems in the human body. It explains how physical fitness supports the proper functioning of these systems and highlights the importance of maintaining physical, mental, and emotional health for overall well-being, especially during times like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Q2. How do different organ systems work together during physical activities?
Ans 2: During physical activities, several organ systems function in coordination. The brain controls movement through the nervous system, the digestive system provides energy, and the circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen. These systems work together harmoniously to maintain a healthy body and ensure that energy and oxygen reach every part efficiently.

Q3. What role do skeletal and muscular systems play in body movement?
Ans 3: The skeletal and muscular systems work together to enable movement. Muscles contract to move bones, which form the skeleton. Ligaments connect bones, and tendons connect muscles to bones. These coordinated movements, controlled by the brain and supported by muscle proteins like actin and myosin, make activities like walking, playing, and exercising possible.

Q4. How does the body produce energy for physical activities?
Ans 4: The body produces energy through the combined efforts of the digestive and respiratory systems. The digestive system breaks down food into glucose, while the respiratory system provides oxygen. These components react in cells to form ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), the body’s energy currency, which powers muscle contractions during physical activities.

Q5. What is the function of the respiratory system in physical activity?
Ans 5: The respiratory system supplies oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide. During physical activity, oxygen is inhaled and reaches the lungs, then passed into the bloodstream. It is used in cells to produce energy, while carbon dioxide formed as a waste is exhaled. This system ensures a steady flow of oxygen during exercise.

Q6. What role does the circulatory system play in maintaining health?
Ans 6: The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. The heart pumps oxygenated blood through arteries and receives deoxygenated blood through veins. It supports organ functions, regulates body temperature, and removes waste. Regular physical activity improves circulation, making this system more efficient and promoting overall health.

Q7. What is double circulation and why is it important?
Ans 7: Double circulation means blood passes through the heart twice in one full cycle—once for oxygenation in the lungs and once to supply the body. This system ensures efficient oxygen and nutrient delivery and waste removal. It’s crucial for maintaining energy levels and organ function, especially during physical exertion or sports.

Activity 2.1

Task: Underline the labelled vital organs in Fig. 2.5 and observe the location of the vital organs such as the spinal cord.

Answer: In Fig. 2.5, the labelled vital organs include the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, liver, and spinal cord. These organs are essential for the functioning of various body systems.

• The brain and spinal cord are part of the nervous system and are located in the head and backbone, respectively.
• The heart is in the middle of the chest, slightly to the left.
• The lungs are located on either side of the heart in the chest cavity.
• The liver lies in the upper right part of the abdomen.
• The kidneys are positioned on both sides of the lower back, behind the stomach.

Observation:
The spinal cord runs along the back inside the spinal column and connects the brain with the rest of the body. It plays a key role in transmitting signals and coordinating actions.

Question Answers based on Chapter 2 – Effects of Physical Activities on Human Body

Q1: How do physical activities and yoga impact bones and muscles?
Ans 1: Weight-bearing exercises help in maintaining bone density and preventing conditions like osteoporosis. Physical activities and yoga also strengthen muscles, improve joint protection, and enhance coordination and balance. They promote better blood circulation to the muscles and increase their ability to utilize oxygen efficiently.

Q2: What are the effects of physical activity on muscle shape and strength?
Ans 2: Regular physical activity causes muscle fibers to enlarge, which changes their shape and increases overall muscle size. This leads to stronger muscles, like those seen in tennis players. It also helps maintain muscle tone and increases strength and speed of contraction, essential for athletes like marathon runners and weightlifters.

Q3: How does regular exercise affect ligaments, tendons, and muscle fatigue?
Ans 3: With consistent physical activity, ligaments and tendons become stronger and more efficient, supporting improved muscle movement. Exercise also helps delay muscle fatigue by enhancing oxygen supply and energy use. Stretching and correct posture help prevent the buildup of lactic acid and reduce the risk of muscle fatigue during intense activities.

Q4: What is oxygen debt and how does the body recover from it?
Ans 4: Oxygen debt occurs when the body’s oxygen demand during exercise exceeds supply, causing temporary shortage. For example, if 3 liters are needed but only 2 are inhaled, a 1-liter debt occurs. During the recovery period, breathing remains elevated to repay this debt by taking in extra oxygen for recovery.

Q5: How do physical activities benefit respiratory organs and lung function?
Ans 5: Physical activities increase lung size and strengthen the chest muscles and diaphragm. Breathing exercises like Pranayam and Anulom-Vilom improve lung power and alveolar efficiency. They also activate previously unused alveoli, increasing vital lung capacity, which supports better oxygen supply and overall respiratory health.

Q6: What is vital capacity and how is it affected by exercise?
Ans 6: Vital capacity refers to the maximum amount of air a person can inhale and exhale with full effort. It includes tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume. In regular adults, it ranges from 3500 to 4500 cc, but with consistent exercise, it can increase up to 5500 cc, improving breathing efficiency.

Activity 2.3

Complete the table given below to depict the positive effects of regular physical activities on organ systems.

Ans:      Activity 2.3 – Positive Effects of Regular Physical Activities on Organ Systems

Q1. What role does the circulatory system play during physical activity?
Ans 1. The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and removes waste. During physical activity, muscles require more oxygen and energy, so the heart pumps faster to speed up blood circulation. This increase is temporary, but regular exercise can bring about long-term improvements in circulatory efficiency and heart function.

Q2. How does regular physical activity affect the size and strength of the heart?
Ans 2. With regular physical activity, the heart’s cardiac muscles become stronger, leading to an increase in heart size and thickness of its walls. This development enhances the heart’s ability to pump blood more efficiently, improving overall cardiovascular health and endurance during physical exertion.

Q3. What changes occur in the blood and capillaries due to physical exercise?
Ans 3. Physical activity activates unused capillaries, improving blood circulation. It also increases the number of blood cells and hemoglobin levels, allowing for better oxygen transportation. These changes make the circulatory system more efficient, supporting the body’s increased energy demands during exercise.

Q4. Why do athletes have a lower resting heart rate compared to non-athletes?
Ans 4. Athletes usually have a lower resting heart rate because their hearts become highly efficient through regular exercise. Even with fewer beats, their hearts can supply the necessary oxygen and nutrients. This efficiency allows them to meet the body’s demands while the heart works less at rest.

Q5. What is stroke volume and how is it affected by regular exercise?
Ans 5. Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood pumped out by the heart’s aorta in one beat. With regular physical activity, the heart becomes more efficient and can pump a greater volume of blood per beat, enhancing the body’s ability to circulate oxygen and nutrients more effectively.

Q6. How does exercise influence cholesterol levels in the body?
Ans 6. Regular exercise helps reduce harmful LDL (bad cholesterol) and increase beneficial HDL (good cholesterol). HDL assists in removing excess cholesterol from the body, while LDL can damage blood vessels. By balancing these lipoproteins, exercise supports heart health and lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Q7. In what ways can physical activity prevent heart-related illnesses?
Ans 7. Regular physical activity helps maintain healthy blood pressure, lowers bad cholesterol, and improves heart function, all of which reduce the risk of heart-related diseases. It strengthens the cardiovascular system, making it more resilient against conditions like heart attacks, hypertension, and other chronic cardiac issues.

Activity 2.4

 You have already studied asanas in your previous class. Write the names of asanas which can improve the —

• Respiration system
• Circulatory System
• Muscular system

Answer: Activity 2.4

We have learned about different asanas in earlier classes. Below are some asanas that help improve specific body systems:

• Respiratory System: Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose), Anulom Vilom Pranayama, Padmasana with deep breathing — these improve lung capacity and help in better breathing.
• Circulatory System: Tadasana (Mountain Pose), Sarvangasana (Shoulder Stand), Surya Namaskar — these helps improve blood flow and strengthen the heart.
• Muscular System: Trikonasana (Triangle Pose), Virabhadrasana (Warrior Pose), Dhanurasana (Bow Pose) — these strengthen and stretch different muscle groups in the body.

Questions

Q1. How does yogic practice benefit overall health and fitness?
Ans 1: Yogic practice helps maintain good health and boosts physical fitness. It strengthens various muscles, especially in the chest, abdomen, and lungs, making them more active. Regular yoga also improves functions like breathing and circulation, supporting the body’s overall well-being and vitality.

Q2. Which muscles are mainly strengthened through asanas, and how does this impact respiration?
Ans 2: Asanas primarily strengthen the muscles of the chest, abdomen, and rib cage. Since the rib cage muscles are involved in breathing, their development indirectly improves respiratory function, making breathing more effective and easier through consistent yoga practice.

Q3. What role does surya namaskar play in yogic practice?
Ans 3: Suryanamaskar is a key part of yoga that enhances blood circulation and strengthens the lungs. It involves a series of physical movements that energize the body and improve overall health, making it a beneficial daily practice for physical and respiratory strength.

Activity 2.5

 Words related to human body are hidden in the matrix given below. Search for them by going up or down, or even diagonally. Circle each of the discovered word