Chapter 7 Team Games and Sports II (Ncert Solutions For Class 10)
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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Physical Education, Chapter 7 Team Games and Sports II
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Chapter 7 Team Games and Sports II
Kabaddi
Questions Answers based on Chapter 7 Team Games and Sports II

Q1: What is Kabaddi and why is it popular in India?
Ans 1: Kabaddi is a traditional Indian sport that is simple, inexpensive, and requires no equipment. It is especially popular in villages and small towns across India. Played in teams, it involves raiding the opponent’s side and tagging players while chanting “Kabaddi.” Its accessibility and cultural roots have made it a favorite in rural and urban areas alike.
Q2: What are the origins of Kabaddi according to historians?
Ans 2: Historians believe Kabaddi dates back to prehistoric times when humans defended themselves against wild animals. Another belief links it to the Mahabharata, where it resembles the Chakravyuha formation. Kabaddi gained international attention in 1936 during the Berlin Olympics and was officially introduced in Indian Olympic Games in 1938.
Q3: How is a Kabaddi match structured in terms of players and duration?
Ans 3: A Kabaddi team has 10 to 12 players, with 7 playing on the court at once. The match duration is 20 minutes per half for men and junior boys, and 15 minutes per half for women and younger players, with a 5-minute interval in between. Teams switch sides at halftime, and raids are completed even if time runs out during the move.
Q4: What is the role of a ‘Raider’ in Kabaddi?
Ans 4: A raider is the attacking player who enters the opponent’s half to tag defenders while chanting “Kabaddi.” The raider must return safely to their side without taking a breath. Points are scored by tagging defenders. If caught, the defending team earns a point. The raider must plan the retreat and use skills like touches and kicks to score.
Q5: What is a ‘Lona’ in Kabaddi?
Ans 5: A ‘Lona’ is a special scoring situation in Kabaddi where a team gets two bonus points after putting all players of the opponent team out. This adds to the regular points earned for each individual tag or out, making it a significant tactic in scoring and gaining a lead in the match.
Q6: What are some offensive skills used by raiders in Kabaddi?
Ans 6: Raiders use offensive skills like hand touches, toe touches, and foot touches to tag opponents. They also use kicks such as back kicks, sidekicks, and curve kicks (mule kicks). These techniques help raiders increase their reach and tag opponents from different angles while remaining unpredictable.
Q7: What defensive techniques are used in Kabaddi?
Ans 7: Defenders use skills like ankle hold, thigh hold, waist hold, wrist hold, and blocking to stop raiders. These techniques aim to catch the raider before they return to their side. Blocking involves creating a physical barrier, while holds are used to restrain the raider’s movement and prevent point scoring.
Q8: What are the rules regarding timeouts and substitutions in Kabaddi?
Ans 8: Each team can take two 30-second timeouts per half. Timeouts can be used only with the referee’s permission. Five reserve players can be substituted during timeouts or intervals. However, substitution is not allowed during official timeouts or for players who are out, suspended, or disqualified.
Q9: Explain the bonus point rule in Kabaddi.
Ans 9: A bonus point is awarded when the raider crosses the bonus line with at least six defenders present. If the raider is caught after crossing it, the defending team also earns a point. Bonus points are given only before any touch or struggle occurs. These points are crucial but do not revive out players.
Q10: What precautions must Kabaddi players follow?
Ans 10: Kabaddi players must follow safety rules like clipping nails and avoiding jewelry. They must wear proper uniforms with visible numbers and use shoes on mat surfaces. Oily substances on the body are prohibited to prevent slipping or unfair advantage, ensuring fair play and minimizing injuries.
Q11: How does the chant of “Kabaddi” affect the gameplay?
Ans 11: The chant “Kabaddi” plays a crucial role as it ensures the raider does not take a breath during their raid. If the raider stops chanting, they are considered out. This continuous chanting adds to the physical and mental pressure, making the game more challenging and testing the raider’s stamina and focus.
Q12: What factors contribute to the popularity of Kabaddi in rural areas?
Ans 12: Kabaddi’s popularity in rural areas is due to its simplicity, minimal cost, and lack of equipment. It can be played on open grounds and doesn’t require expensive gear. The game fosters community bonding and is often included in local fairs and festivals, which makes it a part of the cultural identity in villages.
Q13: How did Kabaddi gain international recognition?
Ans 13: Kabaddi gained international recognition when it was showcased at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. Its formal introduction into the Indian Olympic Games in 1938 also helped raises its profile. Since then, the sport has been promoted globally, with international competitions helping it gain a wider audience.
Q14: Describe the ideal physical and mental traits of a good Kabaddi player.
Ans 14: A good Kabaddi player must have strong reflexes, agility, endurance, and excellent lung capacity. Mentally, they need focus, strategic thinking, and the ability to make quick decisions. Raiders should be brave and fast, while defenders must be strong and alert. Teamwork and coordination are essential for success.
Q15: What happens if a raider fails to return to their side in Kabaddi?
Ans 15: If a raider fails to return to their own side after tagging opponents or does not continue chanting “Kabaddi,” they are declared out. The defending team earns a point. This rule maintains the game’s pace and tests the raider’s ability to balance attack with safe retreat.
Q16: What is the significance of the court lines in Kabaddi?
Ans 16: Court lines in Kabaddi define the playing boundaries and have specific roles. The bonus line helps award extra points, while the baulk line must be crossed by raiders to make a valid raid. These lines add complexity and strategic depth to the game, influencing raiders’ movements and defenders’ positions.
Q17: Why are oil and slippery substances banned in Kabaddi matches?
Ans 17: Oil and slippery substances are banned in Kabaddi to ensure fair play and player safety. Oiled bodies make it hard for defenders to grip raiders and may lead to injuries. The rule promotes a level playing field, especially in professional matches played on mats, where grip and traction are essential.
Q18: How do defenders decide when to attempt a catch in Kabaddi?
Ans 18: Defenders must read the raider’s movements and act as a unit to catch them. They time their holds based on the raider’s direction and body position. If done too early or without coordination, it risks losing points. Experienced defenders watch for signals like a raider slowing down or nearing the end of breath.
Q19: What makes Kabaddi a team game despite the individual effort of raiders?
Ans 19: While raiders act individually, Kabaddi remains a team game because both attack and defense require coordination. Raiders rely on teammates to create pressure, and defenders must work together to trap the opponent. Strategy, rotation, and communication among players determine a team’s success, making teamwork crucial.
Q20: How does Kabaddi help in developing fitness and discipline among students?
Ans 20: Kabaddi promotes physical fitness by improving stamina, strength, agility, and balance. It also builds discipline through strict rules, time management, and respect for teammates and opponents. Students learn to handle pressure, stay alert, and follow safety guidelines, which are valuable life skills both on and off the field.
Kho-Kho
Questions Answers based on Chapter 7 Team Games and Sports II

Q1. What makes Kho-Kho an exciting and inexpensive sport?
Ans 1: Kho-Kho is exciting due to its fast pace and strategic movements like dodging, feigning, and sudden speed bursts. It is also inexpensive since it requires minimal equipment. The main skill involves chasing and touching opponents. Played on a rectangular court, it emphasizes agility, teamwork, and timing, making it both thrilling and accessible for everyone.
Q2. Describe the historical background of Kho-Kho.
Ans 2: Kho-Kho has ancient roots in Maharashtra, where it was known as “Rathera” and played on chariots. The modern rules were framed in the early 1900s, with the first rulebook published in 1924. The sport gained international exposure during the 1936 Berlin Olympics. Its popularity continued with national championships starting in 1959 and participation in South Asian Games by 2013.
Q3. Explain how a Kho-Kho match is structured.
Ans3: A Kho-Kho match is played between two teams in two innings. Each inning consists of 9 minutes of chasing and 9 minutes of defending. Only 9 out of 12 players take the field. Chasers sit in a row facing alternate directions, and the main goal is to tag all the runners in the shortest possible time to win.
Q4. What is the size and layout of a Kho-Kho playground?
Ans 4: A Kho-Kho pitch is rectangular, measuring 27 meters by 16 meters. It features two wooden poles at each end and a central lane that is 24 meters long. The court includes eight cross lanes and small squares to guide movement. Poles are 120–125 cm high and placed in free zones, playing a key role in pole turns and dives.
Q5. What are the key offensive skills in Kho-Kho?
Ans 5: Offensive skills in Kho-Kho include giving “kho” to a teammate strategically, pole turning, and dives like running dives and pole dives. Players must master deceptive movements to trick defenders. Effective tapping, such as shoulder or heel taps, helps tag runners. Covering on cross lanes using speed and technique is essential for outsmarting the opponents.
Q6. Describe some common defensive strategies used in Kho-Kho.
Ans 6: Defensive strategies include the chain game, where runners move in zigzag paths to make chasing difficult, and the ring game, involving oval paths to confuse attackers. Dodging and avoiding the pole also help delay getting tagged. Defenders often combine chain and ring tactics with quick directional changes to outmaneuver chasers effectively.
Q7. What is the significance of the word “Kho” during the game?
Ans 7: In Kho-Kho, “Kho” is a strategic shout used by a chaser to pass their chasing turn to another teammate. This usually happens when a chaser touches a sitting player whose back faces the action. It allows for quicker coverage of the field and keeps the pressure on the defenders, maximizing the team’s chances of tagging more runners.
Q8. How did the Kho-Kho Federation contribute to the sport’s growth?
Ans 8: The Kho-Kho Federation of India played a crucial role in organizing national-level competitions, beginning with the All India Kho-Kho Championship in 1959. It also promoted age-group events, such as sub-junior tournaments, and helped establish awards like the Bharat and Veer Bala Awards. Their efforts led to Kho-Kho’s inclusion in the South Asian Games.
Q9. What is the ‘Palti’ technique in Kho-Kho and how is it used?
Ans 9: Palti is a clever defensive move in Kho-Kho where the runner suddenly changes direction while showing their back to the chaser. As the attacker follows, the defender quickly turns the other way to confuse them. This surprise change in movement helps the runner escape tagging, making it an essential skill for staying in the game longer.
Q10. What is a ‘Pole Dive’ in Kho-Kho and what are its types?
Ans 10: Pole Dive is an offensive move where the chaser uses the pole for support to tag a runner quickly. Types include running pole dive, steady dive, and pole dive from the 8th square. It allows the chaser to cover distance efficiently and surprise the defender with quick movement around the pole, enhancing their chances of getting them out.
Q11. How does the ‘Chain Game’ work in Kho-Kho defense?
Ans 11: In the chain game, the runner enters from behind the seated chasers and weaves through them in a zigzag path. The aim is to force the chaser to keep giving ‘kho’ while struggling to tag the runner. This continuous change of positions helps defenders waste the chasers’ time, giving their team a strategic advantage.
Q12. What are the variations of the Chain Game in Kho-Kho?
Ans 12: Chain Game variations include Six Single Up, Two Five Six Up, and Three Four Five Six Up. Each variation defines specific patterns of movement between squares to confuse the chaser. These patterns involve the defender moving in ways that make it harder for the attacker to give effective kho or trap the defender easily.
Q13. What is the purpose of the ‘Ring Game’ in Kho-Kho?
Ans 13: The Ring Game involves a defender running in an oval pattern across four squares, facing the attacker in the front ring and turning away in the back ring. This technique keeps the chaser guessing and helps the runner maintain distance. Short, medium, and long rings vary the strategy based on how close the defender stays to the center lane.
Q14. What are the different types of ‘Tapping’ in Kho-Kho?
Ans 14: Tapping is the act of tagging a defender to get them out. The two main types are shoulder tap and heel tap. These require precision and speed. Shoulder tapping is common when a defender is closer, while heel tapping is useful when the runner is turning or about to escape. Both are vital offensive skills in the game.
Q15. What is a ‘Deceptive Kho’ and why is it important in Kho-Kho?
Ans 15: A deceptive kho is an attacking move where the chaser fakes body movements before giving kho. This confuses the defender and creates an opportunity to close in for a tag. It’s useful in high-pressure situations and enhances teamwork by surprising the opponent and maintaining game flow without wasting time or steps.
Q16. How are defensive combinations like chain and ring game used together in Kho-Kho?
Ans 16: Combining chain and ring games helps defenders create complex running paths that confuse chasers. A runner may begin in a ring pattern and suddenly shift into a chain path behind seated players. This mix of direction and positioning makes it difficult for attackers to predict movements, maximizing survival time on the field.
Q17. What is the layout and size of a Kho-Kho playfield?
Ans 17: A Kho-Kho field is rectangular, 27 meters long and 16 meters wide. At each end are rectangles with poles, and a central lane divides the field. The cross lanes run at right angles, creating zones for sitting players. This setup ensures fair play and strategic positioning for both attacking and defending teams.
Q18. What are the pole dimensions and placement rules in Kho-Kho?
Ans 18: In Kho-Kho, two wooden poles are fixed at each end of the central lane. These poles are 120–125 cm high and have a circumference of 30–40 cm. They are placed firmly in the free zone and used by chasers for pole turns and dives. Their fixed location adds structure and fairness to gameplay.
Q19. How does the rule of ‘kho’ work in the game of Kho-Kho?
Ans 19: When a chaser wants to pass the tagging job to a teammate, they touch them and shout “kho”. The player receiving kho must immediately continue chasing in the same direction. The rule ensures smooth transitions, keeps gameplay fast-paced, and requires awareness, timing, and teamwork to maintain pressure on the defenders.
Q20. What are the ‘cross lanes’ in Kho-Kho and what is their purpose?
Ans 20: Cross lanes in Kho-Kho are eight horizontal paths intersecting the central lane. They divide the field into small zones and guide chasers during pursuit. These lanes help in strategic movement and positioning, especially when switching chasers or blocking a runner’s escape. Their symmetrical layout ensures equal advantage for both teams.
Q21. What is the ‘rush through’ technique in Kho-Kho?
Ans 21: The ‘rush through’ is a fast, aggressive move where the chaser swiftly covers a cross lane to surprise the defender. It’s done by suddenly sprinting across the lane, narrowing the defender’s space. This technique disrupts the runner’s rhythm and is especially effective when timed well with deceptive movements or while blocking escape paths.
Q22. What is meant by ‘judgment kho’ and how is it executed?
Ans 22: Judgment kho is an intelligent and timely pass of the kho to a teammate, based on the defender’s position. Instead of rushing, the chaser waits for the perfect moment when the defender is near, then gives kho to the nearest teammate. This calculated move ensures quick transitions and increases chances of tagging the defender.
Q23. How does strategy play a role during Kho-Kho tournaments?
Ans 23: In tournaments, strategy is crucial. Teams plan their sequence of chasers, choose who gives kho when, and decide where to trap the defenders. Coaches study opponent patterns and assign roles accordingly. Timing, endurance, and sharp observation are key. Efficient use of time, smart positioning, and psychological pressure often determine the winning team.
Q24. What is the ‘pole dive’ and when is it used in Kho-Kho?
Ans 24: A pole dive involves using the pole as support to lunge at a defender. It is used when a runner tries to escape near the pole. The chaser uses momentum and timing to dive from the pole’s side to tag the defender. This skill requires flexibility, speed, and precision to avoid missing or falling awkwardly.
Q25. What is the ‘steady dive’ and how does it differ from a running dive?
Ans 25: A steady dive is a controlled dive used from a near-stationary position, where the chaser leaps towards the defender without a running start. Unlike a running dive which builds momentum, a steady dive requires precision and timing from a fixed spot, often after receiving a kho near the target, ensuring a surprise attack.
Q26. What does ‘combination 4’ mean in covering a defender on cross lanes?
Ans 26: Combination 4 refers to using multiple approaches like biped, quadruped, and rush-through techniques in a sequence to trap a defender. It mixes different chasing styles, confusing the runner and limiting their escape options. This combo tactic needs strong communication and coordination among chasers to close gaps and corner the opponent effectively.
Q27. What age-based categories exist for junior Kho-Kho competitions in India?
Ans 27: In India, Kho-Kho has several junior-level categories. These include sub-junior boys under 14, sub-junior girls under 12, and girls under 16. These age divisions help in training young talent and promoting the game across schools and academies. Separate national-level competitions are held for each group to nurture competitive spirit and athletic skills from a young age.
Q28. What are the ‘Bharat Award’ and ‘Veer Bala Award’ in Kho-Kho?
Ans 28: The Bharat Award is presented to the best sub-junior boy player, and the Veer Bala Award is given to the best sub-junior girl in national-level Kho-Kho competitions. These awards recognize outstanding young talent in the sport and aim to encourage dedication, discipline, and continued excellence in competitive play among youngsters.
Q29. When was Kho-Kho first featured in the South Asian Games?
Ans 29: Kho-Kho was included in the South Asian Games for the first time in 2013, held in New Delhi. This marked a major milestone, as it elevated Kho-Kho to an international platform, giving players more recognition and the opportunity to represent India. It also led to the growth of the sport in neighboring countries.
Q30. What is the significance of the Asian Kho-Kho Federation?
Ans 30: The Asian Kho-Kho Federation was formed in 1987 to promote Kho-Kho across Asia. With three founding member countries, it aims to standardize rules, conduct international events, and support regional development. This organization plays a key role in spreading the sport’s popularity and encouraging cultural and athletic exchange through Kho-Kho.
Q31. What is the format of a Kho-Kho match in official tournaments?
Ans 31: In official tournaments, a Kho-Kho match is played in two innings. Each team gets a chance to chase and defend for 9 minutes in each inning. Only 9 players from a team are on the field at a time. The team that tags the most opponents in the shortest time wins the match.
Q32. What are the basic rules of a Kho-Kho match?
Ans 32: A Kho-Kho match includes two innings with each team getting a 9-minute turn to chase and defend. Only 9 out of 12 team members play in one turn. Chasers sit in a row, alternating direction, and can only move forward. They give a “Kho” to pass the chasing role. The aim is to tag opponents in the shortest possible time.
Q33. What are some important historical milestones in Kho-Kho?
Ans 33: Kho-Kho’s formal rules were first framed in 1914 at Pune Gymkhana. The first rulebook was published in 1924 by Baroda Gymkhana. In 1936, Kho-Kho was showcased at the Berlin Olympics. Later, in 1959–60, the first All India Kho-Kho Championship was held. These milestones helped transform Kho-Kho from a rural pastime into a structured national-level sport.
Q34. What is the significance of the 1936 Berlin Olympics for Kho-Kho?
Ans 34: The 1936 Berlin Olympics gave Kho-Kho international exposure when it was showcased as an exhibition sport. Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal of Amravati demonstrated the game. Although it was not a competitive event, it brought global attention to the traditional Indian sport, helping in its future promotion and recognition across the country.
Q35. What is dodging in Kho-Kho, and why is it important?
Ans 35: Dodging in Kho-Kho is a defensive skill where a runner uses body movements to mislead and avoid the chaser. This includes foot dodge, shoulder dodge, or combining both. It’s essential because it helps the runner escape quickly, conserve energy, and prolong their time in the game, thus reducing the chances of being tagged.
Q36. What is feigning, and how is it used in Kho-Kho?
Ans 36: Feigning is a deceptive move used by both attackers and defenders in Kho-Kho. It involves pretending to move one way while going the other, tricking the opponent. Chasers use it to surprise runners, while runners use it to escape tight situations. It makes the game more unpredictable and thrilling, demanding quick reflexes and mental sharpness.
Q37. What is the role of “giving Kho” in the game?
Ans 37: Giving Kho is an offensive move where the active chaser passes their turn to a teammate by touching their back and shouting “Kho”. This helps maintain speed and strategy while chasing. There are different types like two-step Kho, advance Kho, and deceptive Kho. It allows for better coverage and keeps the chasers closer to the runner being targeted.
Q38. What is pole turning in Kho-Kho and how does it help?
Ans 38: Pole turning is a skill used by chasers to change direction quickly by circling around the wooden poles at the end of the field. It allows them to continue chasing without stopping. There are various forms like 4-up turn, 5-up turn, and running pole turn. It’s useful for maintaining momentum and surprising the runner with swift redirection.
Q39. What are different ways a chaser taps a defender in Kho-Kho?
Ans 39: Tapping is the act of tagging the defender to get them out. Two common tapping techniques are shoulder tap and heel tap. The chaser must be quick and precise to tap the runner without missing. It requires good timing and body coordination, as a successful tap can change the course of the match.
Q40. How does pole diving work in Kho-Kho?
Ans 40: Pole diving involves the chaser using the pole to launch themselves quickly toward the defender. This can be done while running or from a sitting position. There are types like running pole dive, steady dive, and side dive. This skill helps reduce the distance between chaser and runner suddenly, making it easier to tap the opponent.
Q41. How do chasers cover defenders on the cross lane?
Ans 41: Covering on the cross lane involves tracking defenders who move across the small squares in the field. Chasers use moves like quadruped (using all fours), biped (running upright), rush through, or combinations of these. These techniques help block the runner’s path and trap them effectively, especially when runners try to zig-zag or change directions frequently.
Q42. What is the chain game in Kho-Kho?
Ans 42: The chain game is a defensive technique where the defender enters behind a sitting chaser and zigzags through the court to avoid being caught. The attacker has to give “Kho” from behind while the defender keeps switching directions. Different types like Six Single Up and One Four Seven One help confuse the chaser and protect the defender from getting tagged.
Q43. How does the ring game work in Kho-Kho?
Ans 43: The ring game is a defensive strategy where the defender runs in a circular or oval path, using the court’s squares. There are three variations: short ring, medium ring, and long ring. In the short ring, the defender stays close to the center lane, while in the long ring, they stay farther from it. This helps the defender maintain distance from the chaser and avoid getting tagged.
Q44. How do defenders combine chain and ring games in Kho-Kho?
Ans 44: In Kho-Kho, defenders combine the chain and ring games to increase their chances of avoiding the chaser. By zigzagging (chain) and running in circular patterns (ring), the defender confuses the chaser, making it harder for them to anticipate movements. This combination maximizes the defender’s agility and the chaser’s difficulty in closing the gap.
Q45. What is dodging in Kho-Kho, and how does it help defenders?
Ans 45: Dodging is a defensive move where the player uses body movements to deceive the chaser. There are different types of dodges: shoulder dodge, foot dodge, and combining both. By changing direction suddenly or faking a move, the defender can create space, confuse the chaser, and avoid being tagged. Mastering dodging techniques is crucial for successful defense.
Q46. How does a defender avoid the pole in Kho-Kho?
Ans 46: To avoid the pole, a defender positions themselves between the last square and the pole, keeping a safe distance while still being part of the game. By maintaining this position, the defender can continue to avoid being tagged by the chaser without having to touch the pole. This skill requires quick thinking and spatial awareness.
Judo
Questions Answers based on Chapter 7 Team Games and Sports II

Q1. What is Judo, and how is it practiced?
Ans 1: Judo is a martial art and Olympic sport developed in Japan in the late 19th century by Jigoro Kano. It focuses on using balance and leverage to throw or subdue opponents through grappling maneuvers, joint locks, or chokeholds. The sport emphasizes competition and self-defense, with techniques like throwing, striking, and grappling, practiced for both sport and personal safety.
Q2. What is the history of Judo?
Ans 2: Judo originated from Japanese jujutsu, created by Professor Jigoro Kano in the late 19th century. By 1910, it became a recognized sport in Japan, later becoming part of the educational system. Judo made its Olympic debut in 1964, and its international reach grew. The sport introduced weight categories to level the playing field and has since evolved, emphasizing skill, strategy, and continuous practice.
Q3. What are the different types of Judo competitions?
Ans 3: Judo competitions are based on weight categories, initially starting with three, later expanded to five. Judokas, competing in matches lasting 4-5 minutes, wear blue or white judogi and aim to score points by executing successful techniques. Olympic events feature a single-elimination format, with a repechage round for those who lose to pool winners. An Ippon (10 points) secures victory, but in a tie, a “Golden Score” rule is applied.
Q4. How is the judo competition area structured?
Ans 4: The judo competition area is 46 to 53 feet square, with foam tatami mats. Inside, there is an 8-10 meter square contest area marked by a red boundary, indicating the “danger zone.” Competitors are warned when nearing this boundary. The safety zone around the contest area is 3 meters wide, and the two central tapes indicate the starting and ending positions of the judokas during a match.
Q5. What are the roles of officials in Judo?
Ans 5: In judo, there are three key officials: one referee and two judges. The referee oversees the match, awarding points and penalties using hand signals. Judges assist by noting when a contestant steps outside the contest area. If there’s a disagreement on a call, the officials vote to resolve it. Additional personnel, like scorekeepers, timers, and medical staff, ensure smooth competition and participant safety.
Q6. What are the penalties in Judo?
Ans 6: In Judo, there are two types of penalties: shido and hansoku. Shido is a warning given for minor infractions, while hansoku is a more severe penalty. After two shidos, the third penalty results in hansoku-make, meaning the opponent wins. This indirect hansoku-make does not lead to expulsion from the tournament, but the judoka loses the match. Penalties maintain fair play during competitions.
Q7. What does the judogi consist of?
Ans 7: The judogi, worn by judokas during competition, consists of a loose-fitting jacket, pants, and a belt. The uniform is made from durable cotton and is designed to allow the opponent to grip it for throws and techniques. One judoka wears a white judogi, while the other wears blue. The belt, tied around the waist, signifies the rank of the judoka and is wrapped around the waist twice.
Q8. How is the winner determined in a Judo match?
Ans 8: To win a Judo match, a judoka must score an Ippon, which equals 10 points, by performing a successful throw or technique. If no Ippon is scored within the match’s duration, the winner is the judoka with the highest points. In case of a tie, the match extends into a “Golden Score” period, where the first point scored determines the winner.
Q9. What is the Golden Score rule in Judo?
Ans 9: Introduced at the 2004 Olympic Games, the Golden Score rule applies when a Judo match ends in a tie. If no judoka scores an Ippon within the standard 5-minute duration, the match extends for an additional 5 minutes. The first contestant to score any point during this extra period is declared the winner, ensuring a decisive conclusion to the match.
Q10. What changes occurred in Judo after World War II?
Ans 10: After World War II, Judo shifted from being purely a sport to a combat skill used for military training, especially for commando and special services. During this time, the sport developed a higher level of expertise among practitioners. In the 1960s, Judo transitioned back into an international sport, culminating in its inclusion in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics as an Olympic event.
Q11. How did Jigoro Kano contribute to the development of Judo?
Ans 11: Jigoro Kano, the founder of Judo, created the martial art by adapting principles from Japanese jujutsu. He emphasized using balance and leverage over brute strength. Kano’s vision was to make Judo a competitive sport by omitting dangerous techniques. His efforts led to Judo’s recognition as a sport by 1910, and it became part of Japan’s educational system by 1911.
Q12. What is the significance of weight categories in Judo?
Ans 12: Weight categories were introduced in Judo to ensure fairness in competitions. Before their implementation, larger opponents had an advantage due to size and strength. Initially, there were three categories, which were later expanded to five. This change, along with Judo’s inclusion in the 1964 Olympics, made the sport more competitive, giving athletes of similar size a chance to compete fairly.
Q13. How has Judo evolved since its Olympic debut?
Ans 13: Judo debuted in the 1964 Olympic Games, marking its international recognition. Over time, the sport has evolved to focus more on skill, with changes like the introduction of weight categories and changes in competition format. The sport now emphasizes speed, strategy, and technical proficiency, with Olympic competitions serving as the pinnacle of the sport where judokas from around the world compete for medals.
Q14. What are the main goals of a Judo match?
Ans 14: The primary objective in a Judo match is to score an Ippon, which is 10 points, by successfully executing throws or grappling maneuvers. A judoka can also win by pinning or submitting the opponent using joint locks or chokeholds. If neither contestant scores an Ippon by the end of the match, the winner is determined based on the most points scored.
Q15. How do the different styles of Judo training vary?
Ans 15: Judo training styles can be broadly categorized into contest-oriented and skill-oriented approaches. In contest-style training, the focus is on continuous practice of competitive bouts to enhance real-match skills. On the other hand, skill-oriented training emphasizes repetitive techniques and speed development with minimal resistance, allowing practitioners to master core movements before engaging in full-contact competition.
Q16. What is the role of medical personnel in Judo competitions?
Ans 16: In Judo competitions, medical personnel play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and well-being of the participants. They are on standby in case of injuries, which can occur during intense throws or grappling maneuvers. These professionals assess injuries, provide immediate care, and determine if an athlete is fit to continue competing, helping to prevent further harm during the match.
Q17. Why is the contest area in Judo marked with a red boundary?
Ans 17: In Judo, the contest area is surrounded by a red boundary, known as the “danger zone.” This serves as a visual cue for competitors, indicating that they are nearing the edge of the contest area. If a judoka steps outside this zone, they risk losing points or being penalized. The surrounding safety zone provides a buffer to ensure competitors do not accidentally leave the contest area.
Q18. How are Ippon and other points scored in Judo?
Ans 18: In Judo, Ippon is the highest score and is awarded for a perfect throw, a successful pin, or a submission hold like a joint lock or chokehold. Points are also awarded for partial throws or when an opponent is placed in a controlled position. If no Ippon is scored, the winner is determined by the total points accumulated during the match, with the highest scorer declared victorious.
Q19. What are Shido penalties in Judo?
Ans 19: Shido is a penalty in Judo for minor infractions, such as stalling or failing to attack the opponent. A judoka receives a Shido as a warning. If a competitor receives two Shidos, a third one leads to Hansoku-make, meaning they lose the match. This system ensures that the athletes engage actively and fairly during the competition, maintaining the flow of the match.
Q20. What is the “Golden Score” rule in Judo?
Ans 20: The “Golden Score” rule is applied when a Judo match ends in a draw after the standard time. If no Ippon is scored during the initial 5-minute match, the contest is extended by 5 additional minutes. The first judoka to score a point during this extra period wins the match. This rule ensures a decisive outcome, preventing matches from ending without a winner.
Q21. What is the structure of the Judo contest?
Ans 21: The Judo contest is structured using a random draw within weight categories, where competitors fight in a single-elimination format. In Olympic tournaments, competitors are divided into two pools, with the winners facing off for the gold medal. Losers of the pool-winners’ matches enter the repechage round for a chance at bronze. To win, a judoka must score an Ippon or the most points during the match.
Q22. How are Judo uniforms (judogi) different from other martial arts uniforms?
Ans 22: Judogi, the uniform worn in Judo, is designed for both comfort and functionality. Unlike many other martial arts uniforms, judogi consists of a loose-fitting jacket, pants, and a belt, allowing opponents to grip the fabric during techniques. The uniform is typically made from cotton and comes in white or blue, with the color signifying the judoka’s rank. This unique design is essential for Judo’s grappling and throwing techniques.
Q23. What is the role of the three officials in a Judo match?
Ans 23: In Judo, there are three officials: a referee and two judges. The referee is responsible for conducting the match, awarding points, and applying penalties. The judges, positioned at opposite corners, assist by signaling when a contestant steps out of bounds. If a judge disagrees with a decision, the three officials vote, and the majority’s decision stands. Scorekeepers and timers also monitor the match.
Q24. How does the weight category system in Judo ensure fair competition?
Ans 24: The weight category system in Judo was introduced to level the playing field. By grouping competitors into weight classes, athletes of similar size and strength can compete against each other. This ensures that victories are determined by skill and technique rather than physical size, making the sport more equitable and allowing competitors of all sizes to excel.
Q25. How are points scored during a Judo match?
Ans 25: In Judo, points are awarded for throws, pins, and submission techniques such as joint locks or chokeholds. The most significant point, Ippon, is earned for a perfect throw, successfully holding an opponent down, or a successful submission. If no Ippon is scored, the winner is determined by who has accumulated the most points. If points are tied, the match may go to a “Golden Score.”
Q26. What are the key differences between Judo’s contest style and skill-based training?
Ans 26: In contest-style Judo training, the emphasis is on continuous, real-match competition, which focuses on quick decision-making and application of techniques under pressure. Skill-based training, on the other hand, concentrates on mastering specific techniques through repetition. Athletes work on refining their movements and developing speed before applying them in a competitive setting, ensuring they perform with precision when needed.
Q27. What is the function of the danger zone in Judo?
Ans 27: The danger zone in Judo is a red boundary around the contest area, signaling to competitors that they are close to stepping out of bounds. This area helps prevent accidental exits from the competition mat, which could result in penalties or loss of points. The safety zone beyond the danger zone provides a buffer area to ensure athletes remain within the contest space during the match.
Q28. Why was Judo initially adopted into Japan’s educational system?
Ans 28: Judo was adopted into Japan’s educational system in 1911 after its techniques were refined to ensure safety. Professor Jigoro Kano, the creator of Judo, wanted the sport to be practiced as a means of building both physical strength and moral character. By incorporating Judo into schools, the Japanese government aimed to teach discipline, respect, and self-defense to students, making it a valuable part of their education.
Q29. How did Judo contribute to military training during World War II?
Ans 29: During World War II, Judo became a significant part of military training. Instead of being taught as a sport, it was used to develop combat skills for soldiers, especially those in commando and special forces units. Many soldiers achieved high proficiency in Judo techniques, which helped them in hand-to-hand combat and physical confrontations during wartime, contributing to their overall combat readiness.
Q30. What is the importance of the judoka’s belt in Judo?
Ans 30: The belt in Judo serves as a symbol of the practitioner’s rank and skill level. It is tied around the waist and made of cotton. The length of the belt is typically 3 meters, and it is wrapped around the waist twice. The color of the belt indicates the judoka’s level, with black belts representing higher ranks and proficiency in Judo techniques, while colored belts indicate progress through the ranks.
Q31. How do penalties affect the outcome of a Judo match?
Ans 31: In Judo, penalties can affect the match outcome by deducting points from a judoka. There are two types of penalties: Shido and Hansoku. A Shido is a warning for minor infractions, while receiving three Shidos results in a Hansoku-make, where the opponent automatically wins. This penalty system ensures that judokas compete with fairness and that stalling or unsportsmanlike behavior is discouraged.
Q32. What is the significance of Ippon in Judo scoring?
Ans 32: Ippon is the highest score in Judo, awarded for a clean throw, a successful pin, or a submission technique such as a joint lock or chokehold. Scoring an Ippon immediately ends the match in the judoka’s favor, as it signifies a perfect execution of technique. If no Ippon is scored, the match continues, and the winner is determined based on the total points earned by each competitor.
Q33. How did Judo evolve from its roots in Japanese jujutsu?
Ans 33: Judo evolved from Japanese jujutsu, which focused on practical combat techniques. Professor Jigoro Kano adapted these techniques by eliminating the more dangerous ones and emphasizing balance, leverage, and skill. This transformation turned Judo into a safer, more competitive sport that could be practiced by people of all ages. Over time, Judo became not only a sport but also a martial art used for self-defense and physical development.
Q34. How does Judo training help with self-defense?
Ans 34: Judo training is beneficial for self-defense as it teaches techniques for controlling an opponent, such as throws, pins, and joint locks. The focus on leverage and balance allows judokas to defend themselves against stronger attackers by using their opponent’s force against them. Judo’s emphasis on grappling and ground techniques also makes it effective in real-life situations where close combat skills are required.
Activity 7.1
What is the proficiency given in India? Make a list.
e.g.: Yellow belt or Black belt.
Ans: Activity 7.1: Proficiency Levels in India
In India, martial arts and sports like Judo, Karate, Taekwondo, and others follow a system of proficiency levels, often indicated by colored belts. These belts represent the skill and experience level of the practitioner. Here’s a list of common proficiency belts in different martial arts:
1. Judo:
- White belt (beginner)
- Yellow belt
- Green belt
- Blue belt
- Brown belt
- Black belt (highest level)
2. Karate:
- White belt (beginner)
- Yellow belt
- Orange belt
- Green belt
- Blue belt
- Brown belt
- Black belt (highest level)
3. Taekwondo:
- White belt
- Yellow belt
- Green belt
- Blue belt
- Red belt
- Black belt (various degrees)
4. Kung Fu:
- White belt
- Yellow belt
- Green belt
- Red belt
- Black belt (with degrees)
5. Wrestling (Kushti):
- No formal belt system, but proficiency is measured by performance in competitions and mastery of techniques.
Wrestling
Questions Answers based on Chapter 7 Team Games and Sports II

Q1: What is wrestling and how is it practiced?
Ana 1: Wrestling is an ancient sport involving grappling techniques like throws, take-downs, joint locks, and holds. Competitors aim to gain superior positions and maintain control. There are different styles, including traditional and modern, with varying rules. Wrestlers may also train in mud pits in India, while international matches follow defined global rules.
Q2: What is the historical significance of wrestling in India?
Ans 2: Wrestling, known as Malla Yuddha in India, has ancient roots, with notable figures like Bhima from the Mahabharata. It was patronized by Indian emperors and kings, gaining popularity during British rule. Wrestling was included in the military and remained a key sport in India until the 1960s. The 1967 World Wrestling Championship was hosted in New Delhi.
Q3: What are the different wrestling weight categories?
Ans 3: Wrestling has various weight divisions based on age groups. For instance, in the Under-14 category, boys compete in weights ranging from 35 kg to 75 kg, while girls range from 30 kg to 62 kg. Older categories like Under-17 and Under-19 also have specific weight classes for both freestyle and Greco-Roman styles, with distinct ranges for boys and girls.
Q4: What are the two Olympic styles of wrestling?
Ans 4: The two Olympic styles of wrestling are Freestyle and Greco-Roman. In Greco-Roman, wrestlers are not allowed to attack their opponent’s legs. In contrast, Freestyle allows both the arms and legs to be used for attacks or defense. These rules distinguish the two styles in terms of techniques and strategy.
Q5: How are wrestling matches officiated?
Ans 5: A wrestling match has three officials: a referee, a chairperson, and a judge. The referee is responsible for conducting the match, while the judge and chairperson assist in awarding points. Officials must come from different countries, and decisions are made by majority vote on points and falls. Officials ensure fairness and proper scoring during the competition.
Q6: What is the role of a coach in wrestling?
Ans 6: The coach plays a critical role in guiding wrestlers during competitions. Coaches can remain at the foot of the platform or at least two meters from the edge of the mat. They provide strategies and encourage their athletes, ensuring they adhere to the rules and techniques during the match to achieve optimal performance.
Q7: What is the wrestling mat’s size and layout?
Ans 7: The wrestling mat has a diameter of 9 meters, with a 1-meter border around it. The platform’s height is 1.10 meters. Inside the contest area, there is a 3.28-foot danger zone marked with red, signaling when wrestlers are near the edge. The safety zone outside this is about 3 meters wide, ensuring protection during the bout.
Q8: How are a wrestling match won?
Ans 8: A wrestling match can be won in several ways: by a fall (pin), injury, disqualification, or points. To win by points, a wrestler must score more points than their opponent by executing techniques like throws or escapes. In case of a tie, the winner is decided by criteria like the highest value of holds or the least cautions.
Q9: What are the main scoring terms in wrestling?
Ans 9: Key wrestling scoring terms include “takedown” (1 point), “exposure” (turning shoulders to the mat), and “reversal” (1 point for reversing positions). A “grand amplitude throw” can score up to 5 points, while a “fall” (bringing both shoulders to the mat) ends the match immediately. Points are awarded for dominant positions and control.
Q10: How are wrestlers’ uniforms and equipment regulated?
Ans 10: Wrestlers must wear a one-piece singlet, either red or blue, approved by the international wrestling federation. They also need wrestling shoes and a handkerchief. The officials wear white shirts or pullovers, pants, and shoes. The uniform is essential for the fairness of the match, ensuring both competitors are clearly identifiable during the competition.
Q11: What are the key differences between Greco-Roman and Freestyle wrestling?
Ans 11: The main difference between Greco-Roman and Freestyle wrestling lies in the techniques used. In Greco-Roman wrestling, athletes cannot attack their opponent’s legs or use their own legs for attacks. However, in Freestyle wrestling, both arms and legs are allowed for executing holds and defending against attacks, giving wrestlers more freedom in their techniques.
Q12: How are wrestling matches structured for different age categories?
Ans 12: For Under-15 cadets and veterans, wrestling bouts consist of two 2-minute periods with a 30-second break. Junior and senior matches last two 3-minute periods with a 30-second break. These timings ensure that younger and older athletes have age-appropriate match durations, promoting fair competition and safety.
Q13: What are the requirements for a wrestler to compete in the World Championships or Olympics?
Ans 13: To compete in the World Championships or Olympic Games, a wrestler must be at least 17 years old and be sponsored by their national federation. This ensures that the athletes are mature enough and have the necessary training and support to compete at the highest level of wrestling competition.
Q14: What is the purpose of the protection area in wrestling?
Ans 14: The protection area in wrestling, which is 1.2 to 1.5 meters wide, provides safety for the competitors. This designated space ensures that wrestlers are not at risk of injury when they move toward the edge of the mat. It acts as a buffer zone to prevent dangerous situations during the bout, such as being thrown out of bounds.
Q15: How do points get awarded for “exposure” in wrestling?
Ans 15: Points are awarded for “exposure” when a wrestler turns their opponent’s shoulders toward the mat. If the back area crosses a 90-degree angle, points are scored. Holding the opponent in this “danger position” for five seconds results in an extra point. Exposure emphasizes control and the ability to dominate the opponent during the match.
Q16: What happens in case of a tie in a wrestling match?
Ans 16: In the event of a tie, the winner is determined based on several criteria. The highest value of holds executed, the least number of cautions, or the last technical point scored will be considered. This system ensures that the most skilled and controlled wrestler emerges as the winner, even in case of a points tie.
Q17: What are the scoring points for various techniques in wrestling?
Ans 17: In wrestling, various techniques earn different points: a takedown is worth 1 point, exposure is worth 2 points, and a grand amplitude throw can score up to 5 points. A “fall,” which occurs when both shoulders of the opponent touch the mat, is an automatic victory. These scoring rules highlight the importance of control and technique during the match.
Q18: Why was female wrestling included in the Olympics?
Ans 18: Female wrestling was recognized as an Olympic discipline starting in the 2004 Athens Games. This inclusion marked a new era in wrestling, promoting gender equality and expanding the sport’s global reach. It acknowledged the skills and dedication of female wrestlers, providing them with an equal platform to compete at the highest level.
Q19: What is the role of the wrestling coach during a competition?
Ans 19: The coach plays a vital role in guiding wrestlers during competition. They remain at the foot of the platform, at least two meters from the mat, offering strategic advice and motivation. The coach’s support is crucial in helping athletes execute techniques, stay focused, and adapt to the flow of the match to secure a win.
Q20: How is the wrestling mat designed for competition?
Ans 20: The wrestling mat is designed with specific dimensions to ensure fair play and safety. It is 9 meters in diameter, with a 1-meter empty space around it. The mat has a 10 cm thickness and features red and blue markings. A safety area surrounding the mat helps protect wrestlers from injury during the match.
Q21: What is the significance of the term “Kushti” in Indian wrestling?
Ans 21: “Kushti” is a term that refers to both a traditional form of Indian wrestling and the broader combat sport. It involves three main components: dao (moves), pench (counter-moves), and paintra (stances). Kushti is distinctive for its practice in mud pits, with bouts lasting longer than in other wrestling styles, emphasizing stamina and endurance.
Q22: How does the structure of a wrestling bout differ for younger athletes compared to adults?
Ans 22: Wrestling bouts for younger athletes, such as those in the U-15 category, consist of two 2-minute periods with a 30-second break. In contrast, adult wrestlers, such as juniors and seniors, engage in longer bouts with two 3-minute periods, reflecting the physical demands and experience level required for older athletes.
Q23: How are the wrestling weight divisions organized?
Ans 23: Wrestling competitions are divided into various weight categories to ensure fairness. For example, in men’s international wrestling, there are eight divisions, while for women, there are six. These categories range from lighter divisions like 35 kg for boys and 30 kg for girls in Under-14 categories, up to 125 kg for seniors, ensuring that competitors are matched by size and strength.
Q24: What happens if a wrestler receives a “fall” during a match?
Ans 24: A “fall” in wrestling occurs when one wrestler manages to pin both of their opponent’s shoulders to the mat. This is considered an automatic victory, regardless of the points or the remaining time. Achieving a fall demonstrates complete control and dominance over the opponent.
Q25: How does the international wrestling federation regulate uniforms during competitions?
Ans 25: Wrestlers must wear a one-piece singlet in the color assigned to them—either red or blue—along with wrestling shoes and a handkerchief. The singlet must meet international standards set by the wrestling federation. Referees are required to wear a white shirt or pullover, pants, and shoes to maintain consistency and uniformity during competitions.
Q26: Why are weight divisions important in wrestling competitions?
Ans 26: Weight divisions in wrestling are essential for ensuring fair competition, as athletes of similar weight are pitted against each other. This prevents larger wrestlers from having an unfair advantage over smaller opponents. Divisions help maintain a level playing field and ensure that matches are decided by skill and technique rather than size alone.
Q27: What is the importance of “escape” in wrestling?
Ans 27: The “escape” technique is important in wrestling as it allows a wrestler to break free from a dominant position. When an athlete manages to escape from being controlled on the mat and returns to their feet facing their opponent, they score one point. Escapes demonstrate resilience and the ability to regain control during a match.
Q28: How are points awarded for “reversal” in wrestling?
Ans 28: A “reversal” occurs when a wrestler who is in the bottom position manages to completely reverse their position and gain control from the top. This maneuver earns the wrestler one point. Reversals are an essential skill as they shift the balance of power in the match, showcasing an athlete’s ability to turn the tide.
Q29: What is the role of the three officials in a wrestling match?
Ans 29: In a wrestling match, there are three officials: a referee, a chairperson, and a judge. The referee controls the match on the mat, while the chairperson and judge assist by observing the action and helping to score points. The officials work together to ensure that points are awarded fairly, and penalties are enforced as necessary.
Q30: What does “exposure” mean in the context of wrestling scoring?
Ans 30: “Exposure” in wrestling refers to a situation where a wrestler turns their opponent’s shoulders toward the mat. This action is a sign of dominance, and when the back area crosses a 90-degree angle, points are awarded. If the wrestler holds the opponent in a dangerous position for five seconds, they earn an additional point.
Q31: What is the role of “grand amplitude throws” in wrestling scoring?
Ans 31: “Grand amplitude throws” are powerful throws that bring an opponent to a direct and immediate danger position. These throws are highly valued in wrestling and can score up to five points, depending on the height of the throw and the control maintained over the opponent, showing exceptional skill and dominance in the bout.
Q32: What does a wrestler need to do to win by points in a wrestling match?
Ans 32: To win by points in wrestling, a wrestler must accumulate more points than their opponent by executing successful techniques like takedowns, reversals, escapes, and exposures. If no wrestler scores a “fall” by pinning their opponent’s shoulders, the wrestler with the highest score after the two periods of the match is declared the winner.
Q33: How are technical decisions made in wrestling matches when there’s disagreement among officials?
Ans 33: When there’s a disagreement among officials regarding a technical decision, the three officials (referee, chairperson, and judge) vote to resolve the issue. The decision is made by a majority vote, ensuring a fair ruling is given based on the consensus of the officials, which prevents biased decisions and maintains the integrity of the match.
Q34: What is the role of the “danger position” in wrestling scoring?
Ans 34: The “danger position” in wrestling occurs when a wrestler’s back is at a 90-degree angle to the mat, making them vulnerable to being pinned. When an opponent successfully places their rival in this position, they score points, and if the opponent is held in this position for five seconds, they receive an additional point, demonstrating control and dominance in the match.
Q35: How are “cautions” considered in wrestling when deciding a winner?
Ans 35: In case of a tie by points, wrestling officials use a system of tiebreakers to determine the winner. One of the key factors considered is the number of cautions each wrestler has received. The wrestler with fewer cautions is favored, as cautions reflect violations or passive behaviors during the match.
Q36: How does the “Golden Score” rule apply to wrestling matches?
Ans 36: The “Golden Score” rule is applied in case of a tie at the end of regular match time. If no winner is determined after the two periods, the match enters an extra 5-minute period. The first wrestler to score a point during this extended time is declared the winner, making the rule crucial for decisive outcomes in tight matches.
Q37: How has the inclusion of female wrestling in the Olympics impacted the sport?
Ans 37: The inclusion of female wrestling in the Olympics, starting with the Athens Games in 2004, marked a significant milestone for the sport. It brought global recognition and equality to women wrestlers, providing them with the same competitive opportunities as male wrestlers. This development has led to increased participation and visibility of women in the sport worldwide.
Q38: What are the key differences between Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling?
Ans 38: The main difference between Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling lies in the use of legs. In Greco-Roman wrestling, athletes cannot use their legs to attack or defend. In contrast, Freestyle wrestling allows both arms and legs to be used for holds and defense, offering a broader range of techniques and strategies in the match.
Q39: Why are officials from different nations required to officiate wrestling matches?
Ans 39: To ensure fairness and impartiality, wrestling regulations stipulate that officials from the same nation as any of the competitors cannot officiate that specific match. This rule helps prevent potential biases and ensures that the decisions made during the match are as neutral and objective as possible.
Q40: What is the significance of the “platform” in wrestling competitions?
Ans 40: The “platform” in wrestling competitions serves as the raised area where the wrestlers perform their bouts. It is typically about 1.10 meters high and surrounded by safety mats. The platform provides a controlled environment for the match, ensuring that the wrestlers are in a secure space that prevents injury and allows the officials to closely monitor the action.
Q41: What is the significance of “dao, pench, and paintra” in Indian Kushti?
Ans 41: In Indian Kushti, “dao, pench, and paintra” represent the core components of the wrestling style. “Dao” refers to the moves, “pench” to counter-moves, and “paintra” to stances. These elements together form the foundation of Kushti, a traditional form of wrestling that combines technique, strategy, and physical control, often practiced in mud pits and lasting long durations.
Q42: How does the duration of a wrestling bout differ across age categories?
Ans 42: The duration of wrestling bouts varies depending on the age category. For U-15 cadets and veterans, the match consists of two periods of 2 minutes each, with a 30-second break in between. For junior and senior competitors, each period lasts 3 minutes with a similar break, allowing for longer and more intense bouts at higher levels of competition.
Q43: What is the role of “exposure” in wrestling and how is it scored?
Ans 43: “Exposure” in wrestling refers to the moment when a wrestler turns their opponent’s shoulders towards the mat, breaking the 90-degree angle of their back. This position is critical for scoring points. When a wrestler exposes their opponent in this way, they score points, and if held for 5 seconds, they earn an additional point for maintaining control.
Q 44: What is the process of selecting weight divisions in wrestling competitions?
Ans 44: In wrestling, competitors are categorized into different weight divisions to ensure fairness. There are specific weight classes for men and women, ranging from lighter categories like 30 kg for girls to heavier categories such as 110 kg for men. Wrestlers must meet the weight requirements before the competition to ensure an even contest within their designated class.
Q45: How does a wrestler score points for a “reversal” during a bout?
Ans 45: A “reversal” occurs when a wrestler who is underneath manages to completely reverse their position and take control by coming on top. This is considered a significant shift in momentum and earns the wrestler one point. It showcases the wrestler’s ability to regain control during a dominant position held by the opponent.
Q46: What is the role of the coach during a wrestling match?
Ans 46: The coach plays a vital role in guiding and motivating the wrestler during a match. However, the coach must remain at the foot of the platform or at least two meters away from the edge of the mat. Their role is to provide tactical advice, keep the wrestler focused, and ensure the wrestler’s strategy aligns with the competition’s rules.
Q47: How does the wrestling mat’s design impact the competition?
Ans 47: The wrestling mat is designed to ensure safety and facilitate fair competition. It has a circular area with a 1-meter border and a 1.10-meter-high platform. The mat is 9 meters in diameter and is padded to protect competitors from injury. The mat’s markings and dimensions also help the referees assess actions like takedowns and exposures accurately.
Q48: What is the difference between “escape” and “reversal” in wrestling scoring?
Ans 48: “Escape” in wrestling occurs when a wrestler, who is in a disadvantaged position, works to break free and get to their feet while facing their opponent. This action scores one point. On the other hand, “reversal” occurs when the wrestler changes the position from being underneath to being on top, scoring one point as well but indicating a stronger control shift.
Q49: How are “cautions” handled in wrestling, and what are their implications?
Ans 49: “Cautions” in wrestling are given for violations of the rules, such as passive behavior or illegal moves. A wrestler who accumulates cautions during the match is penalized, and in the case of a tie in points, the wrestler with fewer cautions is preferred. The accumulation of cautions can significantly affect the outcome of a match, highlighting the importance of disciplined wrestling.
Q50: What defines a “fall” in wrestling, and how is it scored?
Ans 50: A “fall” in wrestling occurs when a wrestler successfully pins both of their opponent’s shoulders to the mat, effectively ending the bout. This is considered the highest-scoring and most decisive move in wrestling, as it immediately results in victory, regardless of points or other conditions in the match.
Assessment
Kabaddi
I. Answer the following Questions
Q1. List the landmarks in the history of Kabaddi in India.
Ans 1: Kabaddi, one of India’s oldest traditional sports, has seen several significant milestones. In 1938, the first Kabaddi competition was held in India, and in 1950, the All-India Kabaddi Federation was formed. The sport gained international recognition when it became part of the Asian Games in 1990. In 2014, Kabaddi was included in the Pro Kabaddi League, bringing the sport into the limelight, and has since become widely popular.
Q2. What is the system of scoring in Kabaddi?
Ans 2: In Kabaddi, points are earned by successfully raiding or defending. A raider scores points by touching an opponent or their half and returning to their side without being tagged. A defender scores if they tag or hold the raider. A team earns one point for a successful raid and two points for an “all-out” when the entire opposing team is out. Bonus points are awarded in specific situations, such as when the raider crosses a certain line.
Q3. What are the rules regarding substitutions?
Ans 3: In Kabaddi, teams are allowed to make substitutions during the match, but they can only substitute players during a stoppage in play. Substitutes can enter the game as long as they follow the rules, such as wearing the correct jersey number. Teams typically use substitutions to maintain fresh players for both attacking and defensive strategies. A substitution must occur within the allotted time and cannot be made in the middle of active play.
Q4. What is a bonus point?
Ans 4: A bonus point in Kabaddi is awarded when the raider touches the opponent’s “bonus line” in the opponent’s half of the court, provided that the raider crosses the line while holding their breath and without being tackled by the defense. This line is located 3 meters from the center line, and it adds an extra point to the raider’s team if they succeed. The bonus point adds a strategic element to the game.
Q5. What is the Golden Raid rule?
Ans 5: The Golden Raid rule is a concept applied in Kabaddi in certain tiebreaker situations. When a match is tied at the end of regular play, the Golden Raid gives each team one final chance to score a point and decide the outcome. The raider’s team must score a point to win, while the defending team must stop the raider. The first team to score wins the match under this rule, adding excitement and suspense.
II. Fill in the Blanks
- The Kabaddi court measures 13 meters with a dividing line in between making it into identical halves.
- Each team consists of a minimum 7 and maximum 12 players, but only 7 players take the ground at a time.
- The duration of the match is two halves of 20 minutes with 5 minutes interval in case of men and junior boys, and of 15 minutes with 5 minutes interval in the case of women and junior girls.
- Each team shall be allowed to take 2 “time outs” of 1 minute each in each half.
Kho-Kho
I. Fill in the Blanks
- In Kho-Kho, one team becomes the chaser and the other the runners.
- Many historians say that Kho-Kho is actually a modified form of “Run and Catch”.
- The first ever book of Kho-Kho rules was published from Gymkhana Baroda, in 1939.
- The year 1936 got the golden opportunity for the game of Kho-Kho when the Berlin Olympics featured an exhibition of Kho-Kho in the main stadium.
- The first ever All India Kho-Kho Championships were organised at Patiala in 1959-60 under the auspices of the Kho-Kho Federation of India.
- The Indian Olympic Association has included kho-kho as a discipline in the next Asian Games to be held in New Delhi in 2029.
II. State whether True or False
- In Kho-Kho, each team consists of 15 players, but only 12 players take the field for a contest
Ans 1: False – In Kho-Kho, each team consists of 12 players, not 15, and only 9 players take the field for a contest.
- A match consists of 4 innings. An innings consists of chasing and running turns of 9 minutes each.
Ans 2: True – A match consists of 4 innings. Each inning has chasing and running turns of 9 minutes each.
- The chasers can only run in one direction and cannot cut across the sitters unlike the dodgers who can run randomly and in between the sitters.
Ans 3: True – The chasers can only run in one direction and cannot cut across the sitters, unlike the dodgers who can run randomly and in between the sitters.
- The equipment used in Kho-Kho are posts, two watches, and score board.
Ans 4: False – The equipment used in Kho-Kho includes posts, a scoreboard, and whistles. Watches are not standard equipment.
- A Kho-Kho playground (or pitch) is rectangular. It is 29 meters in length and 16 meters in width.
Ans 5: False – A Kho-Kho playground is rectangular with a length of 29 meters and a width of 16 meters, not 20 and 9 meters.
- One side of the rectangle is 20 meter and the other side is 9 meters.
Ans 6: False – The dimensions of the rectangle are 29 meters by 16 meters, not 20 meters by 9 meters.
- At the end of the innings there is an interval of 5 minutes and an interval of 2 minutes, in between the turns.
Ans 7: False – At the end of an inning, there is an interval of 2 minutes, not 5 minutes. There is no specific 2-minute interval between the turns.
Judo
I. Answer the following Questions
Q1. Briefly list the typical characteristics of Judo?
Ans 1: Judo is a martial art that focuses on balance, leverage, and the use of an opponent’s force against them. The primary techniques include throwing, grappling, and joint locks. It also involves submissions through chokeholds. Judo emphasizes discipline, respect, and skill development. Unlike other martial arts, striking is not allowed. Judo practitioners, known as judokas, wear a uniform called a judogi and compete within weight categories, following specific rules and regulations during matches.
Q2. Why should we learn Judo?
Ans 2: Learning Judo offers various benefits. It improves physical fitness, agility, and strength while teaching important life skills like discipline, focus, and respect for others. Judo also enhances mental toughness and problem-solving abilities by encouraging practitioners to think strategically. Additionally, it provides self-defense skills and boosts confidence. Since Judo is a non-contact, safe sport, it’s ideal for people of all ages, promoting both mental and physical well-being.
Q3. How has Judo developed in India?
Ans 3: Judo has seen significant growth in India since its introduction in the early 20th century. Initially influenced by traditional Indian wrestling, Judo gained formal recognition through organizations like the Indian Judo Federation. In the 1960s, India hosted the World Judo Championship in New Delhi, which helped popularize the sport. Over time, India has produced talented judokas who have represented the country in international competitions, including the Olympics, fostering greater interest in the sport across the nation.
II. Fill in the Blanks
- There is one referee who walks around inside the contest area and conducts the match and there are two judges who sit diagonally across the mat from one another, each in a corner.
- Contestants, who are known as judokas, compete for 5 minutes for men and 4 minutes for women.
- The judoka wears loose-fitting judo uniforms called judogi. (because they allow free movement and comfort during throws and grappling techniques.)
- The entire competition area in judo is approximately 150 to 170 square feet (14 to 16 meters).
- In the middle of the contest area are two pieces of tape, one blue and one white.
- To win the contest, a Judoka must score an ippon, a score that equals 10 points by using successful Judo
- Penalty points can also be awarded against a Judoka. These penalties are: shido, hansoku-make, and keikoku.
Wrestling
I. Answer the following Questions
Q1. List the landmarks in the history of wrestling in India?
Ans 1: Wrestling has been an important part of Indian culture for centuries. Some key landmarks in its history include the mention of wrestlers like Bhima in the Mahabharata and Hanuman in the Ramayana. The game was known as Malla Yuddha. During the British colonial era, wrestling gained support and was integrated into military practices. In modern times, India became one of the top countries in wrestling, hosting the World Wrestling Championship in New Delhi in 1967. Female wrestling became an Olympic discipline in 2004.
Q2. List and describe the scoring rules and terms of wrestling.
Ans 2: In wrestling, scoring is based on the position and actions during the bout. Takedown scores 1 point for bringing the opponent to the mat. Exposure scores points when the opponent’s back is turned to the mat. Reversal scores 1 point when the bottom wrestler reverses the position. Escape is also worth 1 point for escaping a dominant hold. A fall (when both shoulders of the opponent touch the mat) results in an automatic win. The points can vary depending on the severity of the moves and throws.
II. Fill in the Blanks
- It is a form of combat sports involving grappling type techniques such as clinch, fighting, throws, take downs, joint locks, and other grappling holds.
- In Greco-Roman, a wrestler may not attack his/her opponent’s legs, nor use his/her own legs to trip, lift or execute other moves.
- In freestyle, both the arms and legs may be used to execute holds or to defend against attack.
- International wrestling is contested on a mat, with a 9-meter circular competition area.
- There are three officials for every international wrestling match, a referee (on the mat) plus a chairperson and a judge.
- If a wrestler scores 10 points more than his opponent at any time, the round is stopped.
Chapter 7 Team Games and Sports II
Question/Answer & Activity………………Updated Solution 2024-2025
This complete solution is prepared as per the latest syllabus of 2024-25. If you have any further queries, feel free to ask!